Lesson
Shoulder/Arm Muscles-Actions
| Action (Plane of Motion) | Abduction & Horizontal Abduction (Frontal & Transverse) | Adduction & Horizontal Adduction (Frontal & Transverse) | Flexion (Sagittal) | Extension (Sagittal) | Lateral/ External Rotation (Transverse) | Medial/ Internal Rotation (Transverse) |
| Description of Motion | -Movement of arm away from body midline, in frontal plane -Movement of arm away from midline in transverse plane, when humerus horizontal, shoulder flexed 90º | -Movement towards midline, frontal plane. -Movement towards midline in transverse plane, humerus horizontal, shoulder flexed 90º | An anterior move in the sagittal plane | A posterior move in the sagittal plane | Rotation away from the midline of the body, or outward rotation. Regardless of whether the elbow is flexed or extended, the movement is always along the long-axis of the arm. | Rotation towards the midline of the body, or inward rotation. Regardless of whether the elbow is flexed or extended, the movement is always along the long-axis of the arm. |
For details on shoulder complex: http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/66/12/1855.full.pdf